To study the population characteristics of Cycas fairylakea D. Y. Wang, a comprehensive field investigation was conducted with the help of GPS system. In this study, the quantitative characteristics and age structure of the genet were analyzed, and their distribution pattern and grow conditions were evaluated. In investigation, 1 013 C. fairylakea trees were found,which distributed in patch. Although the population scale and structure get better recovery,being limited by the topography and microclimate conditions, the growth conditions and natural proliferation ability of the population is still very fragile. To make C. fairylakea get rid of endangered status, it is proposed to establish a protection area for it and adopt necessary measures to promote the regeneration and development of the population.

采用组间平均联结法对深圳市主要植被群落进行划分,并应用Gleason丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数对主要植被群落的物种多样性水平进行比较分析。结果表明:深圳市城市森林可以划分为5个群系组和31个群落类型;各群落类型的物种多样性均表现为灌木层>乔木层,常绿阔叶人工林的乔木层和灌木层的生物多样性指数均最低,常绿落叶阔叶人工林乔木层丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数均最高,常绿阔叶人工林的乔木层优势种比较明显。

By afforestation trial, the adaptation and growing states of 5 Banksia robur provenances in Jianfengling of Hainan were studied, and the effects of provenance and fertilizer treatment on the survival rate, height and ground diameter were analyzed. The results showed that all the 5 provenances had a good adaptability in Hainan province. 2 months after planting, the survival rate was 85%, but it was easily affected by air humidity and became lower in the dry season, especially the provenance No.38164, showing that the B. robur needs wet environment. The study also found that different provenances and fertilizer treatments had significant impact and interactions on the growth of B. robur. The provenance No.38163 had the fastest grow speed, with 1.35 mm of ground diameter increment and 10.57 cm of height increment during 3 months, while the provenance No.38164 had the lowest grow speed. The provenance No.39163 also had a strong barren resistance, while the provenances No.38177 and No.38199 needed well water and nutrient conditions. Different fertilizer treatments could enlarge the difference in growth status of the provenances, and the composted cattle manure had the best effect on promoting growth status, which could be used as the best fertilizer in afforestation.

本文报道了在昆明地区女贞、白蜡树和小叶女贞三种不同寄主植物上白蜡虫的泌蜡状况。试验结果表明,通过在三种寄主树上放养昆明种虫和昭通种虫,不同寄主的雄虫个体平均泌蜡量,单头种虫产蜡量因种虫和寄主不同而不同;白蜡虫在不同寄主上泌蜡存在高峰期,泌蜡高峰期因寄主和种虫不同而异;白蜡虫历时基本上不受寄主的影响,在3种寄主上大致相同。用白蜡虫雄虫个体平均泌蜡量、单头种虫产蜡量和泌蜡历时等指标衡量,在昆明地区,女贞是白蜡虫的优良寄主。

本文首次记载了同翅目中的4种食用昆虫,包括2种蝉类和2种介壳虫,对云南少数民族食用这几种昆虫的习俗进行了描述,并对其中3种食用昆虫进行了主要营养成分分析和评价。分析结果表明,3种食用昆虫都含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸,粗蛋白质含量都在50%以上,还含有脂肪、微量元素和维生素等成分,具有很好的营养价值。

白蜡虫卵孵化主要受温度的影响,湿度和光照对其孵化行为影响不大。白蜡虫卵在温度12℃左右开始孵化,12～35℃温度范围内卵都能孵化,以20～25℃条件下孵化率较高,达95%左右。白蜡虫卵在相对湿度40%～80%条件下,孵化率差异不大,在自然界中,95%左右的相对湿度下,白蜡虫卵的孵化率仍可达95%左右。光对白蜡虫孵化影响很小,卵在黑暗中仍能孵化。在温度、湿度和光照三个因素中、温度是影响白蜡虫卵孵化的关键因素。

白蜡虫Ericerus pela Chavannes是我国重要的资源昆虫,主要分布在四川、云南、贵州、湖南等省。在白蜡白生长发育的各个阶段, 都不同程度地受到各种害虫的危害。瓢虫是白蜡虫的重要捕食性天敌, 以黑缘红瓢虫Chil ocorus rubidus Hope对白蜡虫的危害最为严重。

白蜡虫在寄主上的分布与方向和寄主枝条的位置有关,不同虫期分布特征不同。在定叶期,白蜡虫种群在方位上差异不太大,但雌雄虫在方位分布上有明显差异。种群数量分布依次为东(28.05%),南(26.55%),西(25.06%),北(20.34%),雌虫依次为东(32.16%),南(27.36%),北(20.34%),西(18.65%);雄虫依次为西(30.76%),南(25.84%),东(24.29%),北(19.1%);在枝条位置上,种群数量分布依次为基部(65.71%)、中部(23.95%)和梢部(13.18%).在定杆期,雌虫定杆数量分布依次为梢部(49.11%)、中部(28.80%)和基部(21.09%),雄虫依次为中部(90.71%)、基部(7.00%)和梢部(2.29%).

本文对云南昆明、昭通和四川金口河三个不同地理种源白蜡虫的泌蜡状况进行了研究。结果表明,昆明虫泌蜡历时最长,泌蜡量最高,昭通虫泌蜡历时和泌蜡量次之,金口河虫泌蜡历时短,泌蜡量低。在泌蜡周期中,白蜡虫泌蜡有高峰期,昆明虫泌蜡高峰期在泌蜡后50d,昭通虫在泌蜡后30d,金口河虫在泌蜡后20d。酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶测定结果表明,三个不同地理种源的白蜡虫种群已产生了分化,昆明种虫与昭通种虫分化较小,昆明种虫和昭通种虫与金口河种虫的分化较大。

采用Co60对中华紫胶虫、紫胶蚧两种紫胶虫的不同虫态进行了辐射试验,结果表明,在中华紫胶虫卵胚发育2～3期以1000rad辐射可以产生子代,在紫胶蚧卵胚发育5～6期以11000rad辐射,偶然得到子代。对辐射子代的怀卵量、性比、固虫密度、泌胶量等进行了观察。紫胶蚧子代的怀卵量、泌胶量与对照相似,有效生殖力和雌虫性比高于对照,固虫密度低于对照;中华紫胶虫子代固虫密度、雌虫性比高于对照,怀卵量、泌胶量正常。